Pharma Easy Notes @Pharmacy

 🌟 Introduction Have you ever thought 🤔 👉 Why some drugs are not given orally? 👉 Why the same dose works differently when given by different routes? The answer lies in First Pass Metabolism and Bioavailability — one of the most scoring and concept-based topics for B.Pharm Semester 4 . If you understand this lecture well, pharmacokinetics becomes very easy 💡 🧠 What is First Pass Metabolism? First Pass Metabolism (also called First Pass Effect ) is the metabolism of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation . 📌 Where does it occur? Intestinal wall Liver (main site) 📌 Exam definition (write this): First pass metabolism is the biotransformation of a drug in the liver or intestinal wall after oral administration, resulting in reduced drug concentration in systemic circulation. 🔄 How First Pass Effect Occurs? (Step-by-Step) 1️⃣ Drug is taken orally 2️⃣ Absorbed from GIT 3️⃣ Enters portal circulation 4️⃣ Reaches liver 5️⃣ Metabolized before reaching bl...

 Introduction Losartan is a widely used drug for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension). It helps protect the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels, making it very important in both clinical practice and exams. ⚙️ Mechanism of Action (Easy to Remember) Blocks Angiotensin II receptors (AT₁) Prevents vasoconstriction Reduces aldosterone release Result 👉 Blood pressure decreases 📌 Mnemonic: “LOSAR-tan = Lose AR (Angiotensin Receptor)” 🧪 Uses of Losartan ✔ Hypertension ✔ Diabetic nephropathy ✔ Heart failure (adjunct therapy) ✔ Stroke risk reduction 💊 Dose (General) Adults: 25–100 mg/day (once or twice daily) (Dose may vary depending on patient condition) ⚠️ Side Effects Dizziness Hypotension Hyperkalemia Headache ❌ Contraindications Pregnancy 🚫 Severe renal artery stenosis 📚 Exam-Oriented Points Belongs to ARB class Does not cause cough (unlike ACE inhibitors) Safer alternative to ACE inhibitors Common comparison question: 👉 Losartan vs Enalapril 🧠 Quick MCQs (For Stud...

RGPV B.Pharm 1st Semester Inorganic Chemistry – 5 Years Previous Question Papers (BP-104T) If you are a B.Pharm 1st semester student of RGPV, then previous year question papers are your strongest weapon to score well in Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry (BP-104T). Most toppers don’t just read notes — they analyze PYQs. In this blog, we have compiled 5+ years of RGPV Inorganic Chemistry previous question papers, along with a smart preparation strategy. 📘 Why Previous Year Question Papers Are Important? Practicing PYQs helps you to: Understand exam pattern & marking scheme Identify repeated topics Improve answer writing skills Prepare smartly in less time Gain confidence before exams 👉 Many questions in RGPV are repeated or concept-based variations from past papers. 📚 Subject Details Course: B.Pharm Semester: 1st Semester Subject: Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Subject Code: BP-104T University: RGPV (Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya) 📂 RGPV Inorganic Chemistry Previo...

Pharma News Update 2026: Latest Developments Every Pharmacy Student Must Know The pharmaceutical industry is evolving rapidly with new regulations, drug innovations, and global market shifts. Staying updated with pharma news is not only important for professionals but also crucial for B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Pharm.D, and M.Pharm students preparing for exams, interviews, and careers. In this Pharma News Update 2026, PharmaEasyNotes brings you the most important recent developments explained in simple, student-friendly language. 1. Indian Pharmacopoeia 2026: A Major Update in Drug Standards The Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP) 2026 has been released with several important changes. Key Highlights: Addition of new drug monographs Updated quality control and testing standards Inclusion of blood components and biological products Stronger focus on patient safety and drug quality 📌 Why this matters for students: Questions from Indian Pharmacopoeia updates are commonly asked in: Pharmaceutical Analysis Qu...

 Introduction In pharmaceutical substances, ammonium impurities ki presence product quality aur patient safety dono ko affect kar sakti hai. Isliye Limit Test of Ammonium perform kiya jata hai taaki ensure ho sake ki ammonium ions prescribed limit ke andar hain. 📌 Ye practical viva + exams me frequently poocha jata hai. 🎯 Aim of the Practical To determine whether the amount of ammonium impurity present in a given pharmaceutical substance is within the official pharmacopoeial limit. 🧠 Principle (Easy Language) Ammonium ions, alkaline medium me Nessler’s reagent ke sath react karte hain aur 🟡 yellow to brown colour produce hota hai. 👉 Test solution ka colour 👉 Standard solution ke colour se compare kiya jata hai. ✔ Agar test solution ka colour lighter ya equal ho → sample passes the test ❌ Darker ho → fails 🧪 Reagents Required Nessler’s Reagent Standard Ammonium Solution Sodium Hydroxide Solution Distilled Water 📌 Exam Tip: 👉 Nessler’s reagent = Ammonium detection reagent ⚗️...

 Introduction Heart diseases and high cholesterol are rising rapidly worldwide. In this scenario, Atorvastatin has become one of the most prescribed drugs globally. Whether you are a B.Pharm student, pharmacy professional, or industry learner, Atorvastatin is a must-know drug. 🧪 Drug Profile Generic Name: Atorvastatin Drug Class: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Statin) Therapeutic Category: Antihyperlipidemic Route: Oral ⚙️ Mechanism of Action (Very Easy Language) Atorvastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, the key enzyme responsible for cholesterol synthesis in the liver. 👉 Result: ✔ Decreases LDL (bad cholesterol) ✔ Slightly increases HDL (good cholesterol) ✔ Reduces triglycerides ✔ Lowers cardiovascular risk 📌 Exam line to remember: Atorvastatin lowers cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. 💊 Therapeutic Uses ✔ Hypercholesterolemia ✔ Dyslipidemia ✔ Prevention of heart attack & stroke ✔ Atherosclerosis ⏳ Why Atorvastatin is Preferred? Long duration of action Strong...

✨ Introduction Pharmacy is a branch of health science that deals with the discovery, preparation, testing, storage, and safe use of medicines. It plays a vital role in improving and saving human lives. In simple words: Pharmacy = Medicines + Science + Patient Care 📘 Definition of Pharmacy Pharmacy is the health profession that focuses on: Preparing medicines Dispensing drugs safely Ensuring proper and effective use of medicines 📖 Standard Definition: Pharmacy is the science and practice of preparing, dispensing, and reviewing drugs to ensure their safe and effective use. 🧪 What Do Pharmacy Students Study? In pharmacy, students learn about: Composition of drugs How drugs act inside the body Manufacturing of medicines Quality control and analysis Patient counseling and drug safety 🎓 Pharmacy Courses in India Popular pharmacy courses include: D.Pharm – 2 years B.Pharm – 4 years Pharm.D – 6 years M.Pharm – 2 years (Specialization) 💼 Scope of Pharmacy (Career Options) After completing ...