Pharma Easy Notes @Pharmacy

  💊 Drug of the Day – 5 : Ciprofloxacin 📅 Series: Drug of the Day (PharmaEasyNotes) 📖 Category: Pharmacology | Antibiotics 🔹 Introduction Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections . It is especially effective in urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and respiratory infections . 🔹 Structure 🔹 Mechanism of Action (MOA) Belongs to 2nd generation fluoroquinolones Contains a fluorine atom at C-6 that enhances antibacterial activity 🔹 Mechanism of Action (MOA) Inhibits DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase II) and Topoisomerase IV Prevents bacterial DNA replication & transcription Leads to bacterial cell death 👉 Bactericidal in action 🔹 Pharmacokinetics Absorption: Good oral bioavailability Distribution: Penetrates well into tissues and fluids Metabolism: Partially hepatic Excretion: Mainly via kidneys (renal excretion) 🔹 Uses / Indications ✅ Urinary tr...

Aim: To perform the limit test for sulphates as per Indian Pharmacopoeia. Principle: The limit test for sulphates is based on the reaction of sulphate ions with barium chloride in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid, producing a white turbidity of barium sulphate . The turbidity developed in the test solution should not be greater than that produced in the standard solution . Requirements: Test solution (substance under test) Standard potassium sulphate solution Barium chloride solution Dilute hydrochloric acid Nessler cylinders Procedure: Take 1 ml of the test solution in a Nessler cylinder. Add 1 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid . Add 1 ml of barium chloride solution . In another Nessler cylinder, prepare a standard solution in the same way (using potassium sulphate). Mix the contents well and allow to stand for 5 minutes. Compare the turbidity of the test solution with that of the standard solution . Observation: The turbidity of t...

Hello Future Pharmacists! Welcome to Semester 3 of the B.Pharm journey. Here you’ll find the complete syllabus , practical subjects , and a list of recommended textbooks – all as per the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) guidelines. 📚 Subjects in Semester 3: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – II (BP301T) Physical Pharmaceutics – I (BP302T) Pharmaceutical Microbiology (BP303T) Pharmaceutical Engineering (BP304T) 🧪 Practical Subjects: BP301P – Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II (Practical) BP302P – Physical Pharmaceutics I (Practical) BP303P – Pharmaceutical Microbiology (Practical) BP304P – Pharmaceutical Engineering (Practical) 📖 Recommended Books: 📘 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – II Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd Organic Chemistry by Bahl and Bahl I.L. Finar Volume 1 & 2 📘 Physical Pharmaceutics – I Physical Pharmacy by Martin Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy Physical Pharmaceutics by C.V.S. Subrahmanyam...