Pharma Easy Notes @Pharmacy

  🌟 DRUG OF THE DAY: METFORMIN (The Most Common Anti-Diabetic Drug!) If you’re a pharmacy student, today’s Drug of the Day will strengthen your therapeutics + viva + exam preparation. Let’s learn Metformin in a clean, crisp, high-yield format 👇 🔬 Introduction Metformin is the first-line oral anti-diabetic drug used mainly in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus . It belongs to the class Biguanides and is known for controlling blood sugar without causing weight gain . 💊 Category Anti-Diabetic Drug (Biguanide) 🧪 Chemical Structure (Simple representation for students) C₄H₁₁N₅ — Contains: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen ⚙️ Mechanism of Action (MOA) Metformin works through three key mechanisms : 1️⃣ Decreases hepatic glucose production (↓ gluconeogenesis) 2️⃣ Increases insulin sensitivity in muscles 3️⃣ Reduces intestinal glucose absorption 👉 Overall: It lowers blood sugar without affecting insulin secretion. 💉 Therapeutic Uses ✔ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ✔ Polycystic Ov...

Aim: To perform the limit test for sulphates as per Indian Pharmacopoeia. Principle: The limit test for sulphates is based on the reaction of sulphate ions with barium chloride in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid, producing a white turbidity of barium sulphate . The turbidity developed in the test solution should not be greater than that produced in the standard solution . Requirements: Test solution (substance under test) Standard potassium sulphate solution Barium chloride solution Dilute hydrochloric acid Nessler cylinders Procedure: Take 1 ml of the test solution in a Nessler cylinder. Add 1 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid . Add 1 ml of barium chloride solution . In another Nessler cylinder, prepare a standard solution in the same way (using potassium sulphate). Mix the contents well and allow to stand for 5 minutes. Compare the turbidity of the test solution with that of the standard solution . Observation: The turbidity of t...

Hello Future Pharmacists! Welcome to Semester 3 of the B.Pharm journey. Here you’ll find the complete syllabus , practical subjects , and a list of recommended textbooks – all as per the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) guidelines. 📚 Subjects in Semester 3: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – II (BP301T) Physical Pharmaceutics – I (BP302T) Pharmaceutical Microbiology (BP303T) Pharmaceutical Engineering (BP304T) 🧪 Practical Subjects: BP301P – Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II (Practical) BP302P – Physical Pharmaceutics I (Practical) BP303P – Pharmaceutical Microbiology (Practical) BP304P – Pharmaceutical Engineering (Practical) 📖 Recommended Books: 📘 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – II Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd Organic Chemistry by Bahl and Bahl I.L. Finar Volume 1 & 2 📘 Physical Pharmaceutics – I Physical Pharmacy by Martin Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy Physical Pharmaceutics by C.V.S. Subrahmanyam...