Pharma Easy Notes @Pharmacy

1. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, approximately what proportion of patients in U.S. hospitals will require radioisotopes in their course of diagnostics and treatment? A.  1/2 B.  1/3 C.  1/4 D.  1/5 Ans. B  2.  Which of the following is not used to produce radioisotopes?  A.  Cyclotrons B.  Radioisotope generators C.  Gamma cameras D.  Nuclear reactors ANS. C 3.  How is the commonly used isotope Tc-99m produced? A.  Cyclotron B.  Gamma camera C.  Radioisotope generator D.  Linear accelerator   ANS. C 4.  How is the positron emitter fluorine-18 produced?  A.  Cyclotron B.  Gamma camera C.  Radioisotope generator D.  Linear accelerator ANS. A   5.  How is molybdenum-99 produced? A.  Cyclotron B.  Gamma camera C.  Radioisotope generator D.  Nuclear reactor ANS. D   6.  Why is molybdenum-99m important in nuclear medicine?  A.  It is the most widely used isotope in nuclear medicine B.  It is the daughter-isotope of the most widely used isotope in nuclear medicine C.  It is

What is Statistics? Statistics is a scientific study of Numerical data based on natural Phenomena. It is also the science of collecting, organizing, interpreting, and reporting data. Content What is Statistics? Statistics and its application What is Biostatistics? Application and Use 1. The Physiology and anatomy 2. In Pharmacology 3. Medicine 4. In genetics Scope of biostatistics What is frequency distribution? Types of frequency distribution 1. Relative frequency distribution 2. Cumulative frequency distribution  Cumulative relative frequency distribution Formula  Graphic presentations of frequency distribution  1. Histograms 2. Polygons  3. Cumulative frequency distribution Advantages and limitations of frequency distribution Conclusion Statistics and its application Public health, including epidemiology, health services research, nutrition, environmental health. Design and analysis of clinical trials in medicine Demographic studies: age, gender, height, weight, BMI Design and ana

When histamine is released, the physiological effect is mediated by a specific cell surface receptor. These receptors are divided into three subtypes. (i) H1 Receptors It is found in smooth muscle of intestine, Bronchi Blood vessels adrenal medulla and endothelial cell Lymphocytes. (ii) H2 receptor It is present in the Tissues of myocardial cell and cell membranes of acid secretory cell and mediates the gastric acid Secretary action. (iii) H3 receptor It is a presynaptic receptor that influences the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters from neurons. Classification The H1 antagonists are referred first-generation Or classic antihistamines. A First-generation antihistamines (i) Aminoalikyl ethers eg. Diphenylhydramine Hydrochloride Carbinoxamine Maleate Bromodiphenhydramine Hcl Clemastine Fumarate. (ii) Ethylenediamine eg. Tripelennamine Citrate Pyrilamine Maleate, Methapyrilene Hydrochloride,