B. Pharm syllabus || According to PCI || BP 102T||BP 108 P ||Frist semester

BP102T. PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (Theory) 45 Hours

Scope: 

This course deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles of electrochemical analysis of drugs 

Objectives:

 Upon completion of the course, a student shall be able to

  understand the principles of volumetric and electrochemical analysis

  carryout various volumetric and electrochemical titrations

  develop analytical skills 

Course Content: 

UNIT-I                                                                                      10 Hours

 (a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope

 i) Different techniques of analysis 

Ii) Methods of expressing concentration

iii) Primary and secondary standards. 

iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions- Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulfate. 

(b)Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy, precision, and significant figures

(c)Pharmacopoeia, Sources of impurities in medicinal agents, limit tests. 

UNIT-II                                                                                                                              10 Hours 

 Acid-base titration: Theories of acid-base indicators, classification of acid-base titrations and theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves 

 Non-aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry, and alkalimetry titration and estimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl 

UNIT-III                                                                                                                             10 Hours

  Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, Modified Volhard’s, Fajans method, estimation of sodium chloride.

  Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, masking and demasking reagents, estimation of Magnesium sulfate, and calcium gluconate.

  Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in the gravimetric analysis. Purity of the precipitate: co-precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of barium sulfate. 

 Basic Principles, methods, and application of diazotization titration. 

UNIT-IV                                                                                                                 08 Hours

 Redox titrations 

(a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction 

(b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications) 

Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration with potassium iodate 


UNIT-V                                                                                                                07 Hours

  Electrochemical methods of analysis 

 Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric titrations, applications.

 Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction, and working of reference (Standard hydrogen, silver chloride electrode and calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes (metal electrodes and glass electrode), methods to determine endpoint of potentiometric titration and applications.

 Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction and working of dropping mercury electrode and rotating platinum electrode, applications


          BP108P. PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (Practical)

                                                4 Hours / Week

I Limit Test of the following

(1) Chloride

(2) Sulphate

(3) Iron

(4) Arsenic

II Preparation and standardization of

(1) Sodium hydroxide

(2) Sulphuric acid

(3) Sodium thiosulfate

(4) Potassium permanganate

(5) Ceric ammonium sulfate

III Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant

(1) Ammonium chloride by acid-base titration

(2) Ferrous sulfate by Cerimetry

(3) Copper sulfate by Iodometry

(4) Calcium gluconate by complexometry

(5) Hydrogen peroxide by Permanganometry

(6) Sodium benzoate by non-aqueous titration

(7) Sodium Chloride by precipitation titration

IV  Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods

(1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against a strong base

(2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid against a strong base

(3) Potentiometric titration of strong acid against a strong base


Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone

Press of University of London

2. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis

3. P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry

4. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5. John H. Kennedy, Analytical chemistry principles

6. Indian Pharmacopoeia.


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