Pharma Easy Notes @Pharmacy

  💊 Drug of the Day – Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) 🔹 Introduction Aspirin is one of the oldest and most widely used drugs in medicine. It belongs to the NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug) class and is known for its pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties . Additionally, it plays a key role in cardioprotection by preventing blood clots IUPAC Name: 2-acetoxybenzoic acid 📌 Category Analgesic (Pain reliever) Antipyretic (Fever reducer) Anti-inflammatory Antiplatelet (Blood thinner) ⚕️ Therapeutic Uses ✔️ Headache, body pain, and fever ✔️ Inflammatory conditions like arthritis ✔️ Prevention of heart attack & stroke (low-dose aspirin) ✔️ Post-surgical blood clot prevention 💊 Dosage Analgesic/Antipyretic: 325–650 mg every 4–6 hours (Adults) Cardioprotective: 75–150 mg daily (Low dose) ⚠️ Side Effects ❌ Gastric irritation, ulcers, acidity ❌ Increased risk of bleeding ❌ Not recommended in children (Reye’s Syndrom...

Aim: To perform the limit test for sulphates as per Indian Pharmacopoeia. Principle: The limit test for sulphates is based on the reaction of sulphate ions with barium chloride in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid, producing a white turbidity of barium sulphate . The turbidity developed in the test solution should not be greater than that produced in the standard solution . Requirements: Test solution (substance under test) Standard potassium sulphate solution Barium chloride solution Dilute hydrochloric acid Nessler cylinders Procedure: Take 1 ml of the test solution in a Nessler cylinder. Add 1 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid . Add 1 ml of barium chloride solution . In another Nessler cylinder, prepare a standard solution in the same way (using potassium sulphate). Mix the contents well and allow to stand for 5 minutes. Compare the turbidity of the test solution with that of the standard solution . Observation: The turbidity of t...

  🌟 Drug of the Day: Ibuprofen ✍️ By Team PharmaEasyNotes 🔹 Introduction Today’s Drug of the Day is Ibuprofen – a widely used pain reliever and anti-inflammatory medicine. From period pain to joint pain, this drug is a go-to remedy for millions worldwide. 🔹 General Information Drug Name: Ibuprofen Category: NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug) Available Forms: Tablet, Capsule, Syrup, Suspension, Topical Gel 🔹 Uses (Indications) ✅ Relieves Fever ✅ Effective for Headache, Migraine, Toothache ✅ Used in Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea) ✅ Helps in Arthritis & Joint Pain ✅ Reduces Inflammation & Swelling 🔹 Mechanism of Action Ibuprofen works by blocking COX enzymes (Cyclooxygenase-1 & 2) → this reduces prostaglandins , which are responsible for pain, fever, and inflammation. 🔹 Dosage (General) Adults: 200–400 mg every 6–8 hours (Max: 1200–2400 mg/day depending on case) Children: 10 mg/kg every 6–8 hours ⚠️ Always consult a doc...

🎯 Aim To perform the Limit Test for Chlorides as per Indian Pharmacopoeia standards and compare the sample with a standard solution using a Nessler cylinder . 📖 Principle The Limit Test for Chlorides is a semi-quantitative test designed to detect traces of chloride impurities in inorganic substances. When chlorides react with silver nitrate in the presence of dilute nitric acid, a white turbidity of silver chloride is produced. The turbidity in the test solution is compared with that in a standard chloride solution using Nessler cylinders placed side by side against a black background. 👉 If the turbidity of the test solution is not greater than the standard, the sample passes the test. 🧴 Chemicals & Reagents Required Test sample solution Dilute Nitric Acid (HNO₃) Silver Nitrate solution (AgNO₃, 0.1N) Standard Sodium Chloride solution (NaCl, 0.02% w/v) Distilled water ⚗️ Apparatus Nessler Cylinders (2 pieces) Pipettes Beakers G...

🌟 Introduction Paracetamol is one of the most commonly used medicines in the world. Whether it’s fever, body ache, or headache , this drug is always there as the first line of relief . But do you know how it really works and why it’s considered so safe? Let’s find out! 📌 Quick Facts About Paracetamol Feature Details Generic Name Paracetamol (also called Acetaminophen in the US) Drug Class Analgesic (Pain reliever) & Antipyretic (Fever reducer) Available Forms Tablets, Syrups, Injections, Suspensions Common Brands Crocin, Calpol, Dolo-650, Tylenol 🔹 Uses Paracetamol is mainly used for: 🌡️ Fever (in adults & children) 🤕 Mild to moderate pain – headache, toothache, backache, muscle pain 🩺 Post-vaccination fever & pain 🤧 Relief in cold & flu symptoms (often combined with other drugs) 🔹 Mechanism (How it Works?) Paracetamol works by blocking prostaglandins in the brain – the chemicals responsible for pain and fever . 👉 Unlike many other pain...

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